Do we need the concept blue gentrification?

A systematic literature review on water-related gentrification processes

Abstract

The term ‘blue gentrification’ has emerged to describe socio-spatial transformations linked to waterfront redevelopment and blue infrastructure projects. However, the concept lacks a clear definition and is used inconsistently in academic discourse. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this paper systematically reviews 54 English and German publications to assess the state of research on blue gentrification, its conceptual clarity, and its socio-environmental implications. Despite the focus on these two languages, the findings reveal that blue gentrification is often subsumed under broader frameworks such as green or environmental gentrification, with only a minority of studies explicitly using or defining the term. Key characteristics of the phenomenon include rising property values, the displacement of economically deprived populations and restricted access to water-based amenities, which are often driven by neoliberal urban policies. Despite its growing relevance in the context of blue-green climate adaptation measures, the term lacks a robust theoretical framework, limiting its usefulness as an independent concept. Methodological and geographical biases further constrain the field, as most studies focus on the Global North and employ qualitative methods. While questioning the need for an explicit definition and introduction of the term, this review sets out its own approach to defining the term and argues in favor of a diversified research agenda to capture the particular dynamics of blue gentrification. Closing these gaps is crucial for promoting equitable urban planning and ensuring inclusive access to blue spaces.