Political graffiti in Prague as a reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in Central Europe

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2024.03.01

Keywords:

political graffiti, Russian invasion of Ukraine, urban space, political symbolic space, socio-semiotic analysis, Czechia

Abstract

In February 2022, the Russian army attacked Ukraine, which aroused resistance across Europe. The aim of the paper is to analyse spatial concentration and the meaning of associated political graffiti in Prague, Czechia, reflecting reactions to this geopolitical shift. Our approach focuses on the spatial aspect of the socio-semiotic analysis, revealing how urban symbolism shapes graffiti placement, modes, and interpretation. We have mapped it in the areas where we previously had noted a concentration of political graffiti in 2019 and 2020. Thanks to these timelines, we follow the development of political graffiti before and after the invasion and verify if the political symbolic space based on political relations between inhabitants and objects in the urban space influence variations in political graffiti prevalence. We have discovered what opinions resonated in the Czech society and how the meaning of graffiti signs was changing over time, in the space, and among objects of reference.

References

Alexandrakis O (2016) Indirect activism: Graffiti and political possibility in Athens, Greece. Cultural Anthropology 31: 272–296. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca31.2.06

Alonso A (1998) Urban graffiti on the city landscape. Western Geography Graduate Conference 14.2.1998, San Diego State University.

BBC (2015) Czech protesters replace flag with underpants. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34311078

BIS (Security Information Service) (2015) Výroční zpráva Bezpečnostní informační služby za rok 2015. https://www.bis.cz/public/site/bis.cz/content/vyrocni-zpravy/2015-vz-cz.pdf

Bloch S (2018) Place-based elicitation: Interviewing graffiti writers at the scene of the crime. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 47: 171–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241616639640

Brůhová K (2017) Praha nepostavená. Praha.

Bush K (2013) The politics of post-conflict space: the mysterious case of missing graffiti in ‘post-troubles’ Northern Ireland. Contemporary Politics 19: 167–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2013.785829

Campos R (2016) From Marx to Merkel. Political muralism and street art in Lisbon. Ross Ji (ed) Routledge Handbook of Graffiti and Street Art: 301–317. Abingdon.

Chandler D (2017) Semiotics: the basics. Abingdon.

Cobley P, Randviir A (2009): Introduction: What is sociosemiotics? Semiotica 173: 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1515/Semi.2009.001

European Commission (2022) Flash Eurobarometer 506: Eu’s response to the war in Ukraine. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2772

Eurostat (2022) Ukrainian citizens in the EU. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Ukrainian_citizens_in_the_Eu#Ukrainian_citizens_authorised_to_stay_in_the_Eu

Fadhilah EP (2018) A semiotic analysis of signs in urban feminism graffities. Master thesis. University of Sumatera Utara. https://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/12928

Fagan M, Poushter J, Gubbala S (2023) Large shares see Russia and Putin in negative light, while views of Zelenskyy more mixed. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2023/07/10/overall-opinion-of-russia/

Ferrell J, Weide RD (2010) Spot theory. City 14: 48–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810903525157

Flint C, Taylor PJ (2018) Political Geography. Abingdon.

Gagliardi C (2020) Palestine is not a drawing board: Defacing the street art on the Israeli separation wall. Visual Anthropology 33: 426–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/08949468.2020.1824975

Goalwin G (2013) The art of war: Instability, insecurity, and ideological imagery in Northern Ireland political murals, 1979–1998. International Journal of Politics Culture and Society 26: 189–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-013-9142-y

Grigas A (2016) Beyond crimea. The new Russian empire. New Haven.

Hána D, Šel J (2022) Political graffiti in the political symbolic space of Prague, Czechia. Urban Research & Practice 15: 679–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2021.1902556

Hanauer D (2011) The discursive construction of the separation wall at Abu Dis: Graffiti as political discourse. Journal of Language and Politics 10: 301–321. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.10.3.01han

Harvey D (2006) Space as a keyword. Castree N, Gregory D (eds.) David Harvey. A critical reader: 270–293. Malden.

Harvey D (2009) Social justice and the city. Athens.

Havlíček P, Soušková T (2021) Česko-ruské vztahy na prahu výzev i nových příležitostí. https://www.amo.cz/cesko-ruske-vztahy-na-prahu-vyzev-i-novych-prilezitosti

Haworth B, Bruce E, Iveson K (2013) Spatio-temporal analysis of graffiti occurrence in an inner-city urban environment. Applied Geography 38: 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.10.002

Hussein AT, Aljamili LN (2020): Covid-19 humor in Jordanian social media: A socio-semiotic approach. Heliyon 6 (early access). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05696

Iddings ACD, Mccafferty SG, Da Silva MLT (2011) Conscientização through graffiti literacies in the streets of a São Paulo neighborhood: An ecosocial semiotic perspective. Reading Research Quarterly 46: 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1598/Rrq.46.1.1

IFW (Kiel Institute for the World Economy) (2024) Ukraine support tracker. https://www.ifw-kiel.de/topics/war-against-ukraine/ukraine-support-tracker/

Ingram A (2001) Alexander Dugin: Geopolitics and neo-fascism in post-Soviet Russia. Political Geography 20: 1029–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-6298(01)00043-9

Iveson K (2009) War is over (if you want it): Rethinking the graffiti problem. Australian Planner 46: 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2009.10753419

Iveson K (2013) Cities within the city: Do-it-yourself urbanism and the right to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 37: 941–956. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12053

Kalantzis K (2015) “Fak Germani”: Materialities of nationhood and transgression in the Greek crisis. Comparative Studies in Society and History 57: 1037–1069. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417515000432

Kane S (2009) Stencil graffiti in urban waterscapes of Buenos Aires and Rosario, Argentina. Crime, Media, Culture 5: 9–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659008102060

Koblížková A, Hána D (2022) Rozmístění pomníků ve veřejném prostoru Prahy, jejich symbolický význam a konfliktní podstata. Geografie 128: 103–126. https://doi.org/10.37040/geografie.2023.001

Koudelka J (2008) Invaze 68. Torst.

Kreslehner K (2023) Graffiti & bananas. Street art in Linz. goIndigo: 289–298. https://doi.org/10.48619/indigo.v0i0.717

Kundera M (2023) Unesený Západ. Atlantis.

Lee S-O, Kim S-J, Wainwright J (2010) Mad cow militancy: Neoliberal hegemony and social resistance in South Korea. Political Geography 29: 359–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2010.07.005

Lefebvre H (1991) The production of space. Malden.

LeVine M (2015) When art is the weapon: Culture and resistance confronting violence in the post-uprisings Arab world. Religions 6: 1277–1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel6041277

McAuliffe C, Iveson K (2011) Art and crime (and other things besides): Conceptualising graffiti in the city. Geography Compass 5: 128–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2011.00414.x

Median (2022) Průzkum: 87 procent Čechů označilo ruskou invazi za ‚neobhajitelný akt agrese‘. https://www.irozhlas.cz/zpravy-domov/pruzkum-median-ukrajina-rusko-uprchlici-invaze-valka_2202241800_sam

Megler V, Banis D, Chang H (2014) Spatial analysis of graffiti in San Francisco. Applied Geography 54: 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.06.031

Overstreet M (2006) In graffiti we trust. Mladá Fronta.

Parkinson JR (2012) Democracy and public space. The physical sites of democratic performance. Oxford.

Parravano A, Noguera JA, Hermida P, Tena-Sánchez J (2015) Field evidence of social influence in the expression of political preferences: The case of secessionists flags in Barcelona. PloS One 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125085

Pospěch T (2019) 1989. Národní galerie.

Pugh E (2015) Graffiti and the critical power of urban space: Gordon Matta-Clark’s Made in America and Keith Haring’s Berlin Wall Mural. Space and Culture 18: 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331215616094

Rajan B (2021) Sari, femininity, and wall art: A semiotic study of GuessWho’s street art in Bengaluru. Tripodos 50: 111–130. https://doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2021.50p111-130

Randviir A (2011) Transdisciplinarity in objects: Spatial signification from graffiti to hegemony. Sign Systems Studies 39: 88–123. https://doi.org/10.12697/Sss.2011.39.2-4.05

Ross JI (2016) Introduction. Sorting it all out. Ross JI (ed) Routledge Handbook of Graffiti and Street Art: 1–10. Abingdon.

Šel J, Hána D (2021) Graffiti jako součást prostoru města: příklad pražské čtvrti Bubeneč. Geografické rozhledy 30: 14–17.

Snyder GJ (2009) Graffiti lives: Beyond the tag in New York’s urban underground. New York.

Snyder T (2022) We should say it. Russia is fascist. International New York Times, 20 May 2022. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A704311701/Aone?u=anon~88d28199&sid=googleScholar&xid=f70d1757

Suslov M, Čejka M, Ðorđević V (2023) Pan-Slavism and Slavophilia in contemporary Central and Eastern Europe: Origins, manifestations and functions. London.

Tallis B (2022) Are Czechia and Slovakia the EU’s new radical centre? https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/are-czechia-and-slovakia-eus-new-radical-centre

Taylor M, Marais I (2011) Not in my back schoolyard: Schools and skate-park builds in Western Australia. Australian Planner 48: 84–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2011.561825

UNHCR (2022) Ukraine situation: Refugees from Ukraine across Europe – 2022-05-05. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/92580.

Valenta O, Drbohlav D (2018) Longitudinal and spatial perspectives on the mismatch of tertiary educated migrant workers in the Czech labour market: The case of Ukrainians. Moravian Geographical Reports 26: 255–272.

Varaki M (2022) How has Russia violated international law? https://www.kcl.ac.uk/how-has-russia-violated-international-law

Vogel B, Arthur C, Lepp E, O’Driscoll D, Tusker Haworth B (2020) Reading socio-political and spatial dynamics through graffiti in conflict-affected societies. Third World Quarterly 41: 2148–2168. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1810009

Wacławek A (2011) Graffiti and street art. London.

Willoughby I (2022) Czech public donates unprecedented CZK 1.5 billion to Ukraine. https://english.radio.cz/czech-public-donates-unprecedented-czk-15-billion-ukraine-8744045

Wilson A (2014) Ukraine crisis. What it means for the West. New Haven.

Zaimakis Y (2015) ‘Welcome to the civilization of fear’: On political graffiti heterotopias in Greece in times of crisis. Visual Communication 14: 373–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357215593845

Downloads

Published

2024-07-26

How to Cite

Hána, D., Dresler, A., & Šel, J. (2024). Political graffiti in Prague as a reaction to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in Central Europe. ERDKUNDE, 78(3), 155–174. https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2024.03.01

Issue

Section

Research Article